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DESCRIPTIONS OF TERMS AND GENERAL GUIDELINES Cardinal direction: On state maintained roads, the direction a road is mile pointed—from the county line or beginning point to an ending mile point at another location, as described in the Official Orders for the county. This, generally, is north or east bound. On city streets or county roads the cardinal direction is the direction of traffic flow away from a US, state or more highly traveled county road toward a lesser traveled street, county road or dead end. When referring to one way streets, it is the direction of traffic flow. The direction that is opposite to the cardinal direction. This term is primarily used to refer to the traffic flow lanes of a divided road that are not in the cardinal direction. A section of state maintained roadway that carries non-cardinal direction traffic and is completely separate from the cardinal direction roadway. Typically, it consists of one way streets, south or westbound, in cities or towns where city blocks separate the non- cardinal from the cardinal roadways. (Non-cardinal couplets carry section numbers from -1 thru 9.) Divided highways and streets: Roadways where opposing traffic lanes are separated by grass or raised median strip, or a barrier. State maintained divided sections, as well as breaks in divided sections, should be a minimum of +-500 feet long. Divided city streets and county roads have no minimum length. Medians in streets should not exceed 100 feet in width. Lanes that are separated strictly by painted medians or a continuous left turning lane are not considered divided. (Non-cardinal lanes of a divided road will carry section number -10.) See diagrams 2A, 2B and 2C. Y intersection: Roads that ‘fork’ into two or more separate roadways when nearing an intersection, with the forks continuing to carry the same route number. They may vary in length and may be formed by grass or raised traffic islands. Typically, Y intersections are to facilitate easier turning onto intersecting roads. The mainline road of the Y should not use a section number and is determined by these factors: 1) the direction of the continuance of the road; 2) it carries the most traffic; 3) it carries traffic toward an arterial or population center; 4) it has better pavement. All other forks will carry section a number from –20 thru 29.) See diagrams 1A and 1B. 1 |
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Crossover: A short roadway that connects both sides of a divided highway. Crossovers may be a continuation of a road that intersects either lane of a divided highway and continues across a median to the opposite lane before terminating. (This type crossover carries the LRS_ID of the crossing road with a section number added. When two separate roads terminate opposite one another, the crossover is designated with the lower numbered and/or number of the higher priority road, US-KY-CR-CS-PR, plus a section number.) Crossovers may also be a median crossing roadway that is an entrance to a private road or parking lot, provided that it has a traffic signal or flashing light. An emergency crossover connects full access control cardinal and non-cardinal lanes. (Crossovers utilize section numbers –30 thru 69.) See diagrams 3B and 3C. Connector: A short roadway whose purpose is to provide access from one road to a separate road and has no name or LRS_ID of its own. (Connectors utilize the LRS_ID of the road being accessed and the section numbers –70 thru 79.) See diagram 3A. Rest areas and weigh stations: Roadways adjacent to interstates and parkways that are not connecting to intersecting routes. (These use section numbers -11 thru 19. Section numbers begin as odd on the cardinal direction lane and even on the non-cardinal lane. Multiple roadway rest area section numbers increase, from furthest to nearest, as roadways pertain to the main route.) See diagram 4. Local frontage roads and bays: Subordinate roadways that are adjacent to a more primary county road or city street and function to reduce the number of private access locations to the primary road. They must have the identical name and address scheme as the primary road. Typically, frontage roads are generally straight and parallel to the primary road whereas bays are partial circles located around the outside of a sharp curve. If there is no island or barrier to distinguish it from the primary road omit it from the coverage. (Frontage roads and bays should use section numbers –80 thru 99.) See diagrams 2B and 2C. 2 |
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New section number values: 1-9 Non-cardinal couplets on state maintained routes10 Non-cardinal side of any divided roadway 11-19 Rest areas, weigh stations and scenic views in conjunction with interstates and parkways 20-29 Y intersection secondary prong(s) 30-69 Crossovers 70-79 Connectors 80-99 Bays, frontage roads and scenic pullouts in conjunction with roads having no access control as well as anomalies fitting no other category . It is strongly recommended that a practice of cleaning up collected data, to throw out bad points for the purpose of editing, be established and incorporated into the daily routine. Point coverage's can be exported so that statistical analyses of the remaining, non-edited points can be accomplished at various stages of the project. The scope of this project is to obtain 95% of all points on all roads, as well as 95% of all points on the state maintained roads, within the one meter precision range while not compromising the integrity of the centerline. Achieving one meter accuracy on 95% of all points will require a devoted and perhaps extensive effort, particularly in mountainous regions (and other isolated areas throughout the state). If you feel you’ve made a concerted effort to obtain one meter accuracy, but have not been successful using the best GPS techniques, use other sources and provide documentation specifying why those sources were used. This information will be considered by the Cabinet to be more selective in a portion of our review. While performing routine verifications in each county, we will make an effort to target these problem areas in hopes of obtaining actual GPSed results. 3 |